{"id":1917,"date":"2014-11-05T16:15:40","date_gmt":"2014-11-05T16:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/?page_id=1917"},"modified":"2015-03-10T20:42:56","modified_gmt":"2015-03-10T20:42:56","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/book\/table-of-contents\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"

The English Love Affair with Nature<\/a><\/h2>\n

(Back to Table of Contents<\/a>)<\/p>\n

c. 350 BC \u00a0 Aristotle’s History of Animals<\/em>
\nc. 50-70 \u00a0 Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica<\/em>
\nc. 77-79 \u00a0 Pliny the Elder’s Natural History<\/em>
\nc. 615-630 \u00a0 Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae<\/em>
\n12th century\u00a0\u00a0 Aberdeen Bestiary<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Matthew<\/a>
Matthew Paris 1251 sketch of Crossbill<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1251 \u00a0 Matthew Paris’s Chronica Majora<\/em> describes and illustrates Crossbill irruption
\n1382 \u00a0 Geoffrey Chaucer’s Parliament of Fowls<\/em>
\n1543 \u00a0 Nicolaus Copernicus’s De revolutionibus orbium coelestium<\/em>
\n1544 \u00a0 William Turner’s Avium praecipuarum<\/em>, the first printed bird book
\n1551 \u00a0 William Turner’s New Herbal<\/em>
\n1597 \u00a0 John Gerard’s Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes<\/em>
\n1609 \u00a0 Johannes Kepler’s Astronomia Nova<\/em>
\n1653 \u00a0 Izaak Walton’s The Compleat Angler<\/em>
\n1664 \u00a0 John Evelyn’s Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Purple-edged<\/a>
Purple-edged Copper Butterfly in Britain?\u00a0 “Cum alis … externis purpurascentibus” from Merrett’s Pinax 1666<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1666 \u00a0 Christopher Merrett’s Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum<\/em>
\n1678 \u00a0 John Ray completes and publishes Francis Willughby’s Ornithology<\/em>
\n1687 \u00a0 Isaac Newton’s Philosophi\u00e6 Naturalis Principia Mathematica<\/em>
\n1691 \u00a0 John Ray’s The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation<\/em>
\n1712 \u00a0 Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine is used at a coalworks
\n1713 \u00a0 William Derham’s Physico-Theology<\/em><\/p>\n

\"2.6<\/a>
William Kent’s vision for Chiswick House: almost wild<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1724-1736 \u00a0 William Kent introduces naturalistic gardening at Chiswick House
\n1756 \u00a0 Sir Hans Sloane’s natural history collection, origin of the Natural History Museum, is displayed in Montagu House
\n1757 \u00a0 Edmund Burke’s A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of the Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful<\/em>
\n1761 \u00a0 The Bridgwater Canal opens
\n1762 \u00a0 George Stubbs paints a portrait of the horse Whistlejacket<\/em>
\n1764 \u00a0 James Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny
\n1768 \u00a0 Capt. James Cook takes command of HMS Endeavour<\/em>
\n1771 \u00a0 Thomas Pennant’s A Tour in Scotland<\/em>
\n1773 \u00a0 The Inclosure Act<\/em> enables landowners to remove rights of access. \u00a0 (Many further Acts between 1845 and 1882)
\n1779 \u00a0 Samuel Crompton invents the Spinning Mule<\/p>\n

\"(2.6)<\/a>
(2.6) The Picturesque, as defined by William Gilpin on Tintern Abbey<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1782 \u00a0 William Gilpin’s Observations on the River Wye, and Several Parts of South Wales, etc. Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty; made in the Summer of the Year 1770<\/em>
\n1785 \u00a0 James Hutton’s Theory of the Earth<\/em>
\n1789 \u00a0 Gilbert White’s The Natural History of Selborne<\/em>
\n1790 \u00a0 Richard Brookes’s Art of Angling<\/em><\/p>\n

\"British<\/a>
British Birds: Thomas Bewick’s Black-Cap<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1797-1804 \u00a0 Thomas Bewick’s A History of British Birds<\/em>
\n1798 \u00a0 William Wordsworth\/Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads<\/em>
\n1802 \u00a0 George Montagu’s Ornithological Dictionary<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 William Paley’s Natural Theology<\/em>
\n1804 \u00a0 Sir Joseph Banks and John Wedgwood found The Horticultural Society of London (now the RHS)
\n1807 \u00a0 The Geological Society is founded
\n1813 \u00a0 Royal College of Surgeons opens museum of John Hunter’s comparative anatomy collection
\n1815 \u00a0 The Apothecaries Act<\/em> forces medical students to study botany
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 William ‘Strata’ Smith’s geological map of Britain
\n1820 \u00a0 John Clare’s Poems Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Plesiosaur<\/a>
Plesiosaur (and Mary Anning), Natural History Museum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1821 \u00a0 Mary Anning sells a fossil Plesiosaurus<\/em> skeleton for \u00a3200
\n”\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 John Constable paints The Hay Wain<\/em>
\n1822 \u00a0 Richard Martin’s Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 William Buckland describes ‘pre-Flood’ fossils from Kirkdale Cavern
\n1824 \u00a0 Richard Martin, William Wilberforce and others found the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (now the RSPCA)
\n1825 \u00a0 George Stephenson’s Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway
\n” \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Gideon Mantell describes Iguanodon<\/em>
\n1826 \u00a0 Sir Stamford Raffles and others found the Zoological Society of London<\/p>\n

\"Ideal<\/a>
Ideal section of Earth’s crust. Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1830-1833 \u00a0 Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology<\/em>
\n1835\u00a0 The Cruelty to Animals Act<\/em> bans badger-baiting, dog-fighting, etc.\u00a0 (further Acts of the same name in 1849 and 1876)
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 The Museum of Practical Geology opens in Jermyn Street\u00a0 (becoming the Geological Museum in South Kensington in 1935)
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The Geological Survey of Great Britain is founded
\n1839 \u00a0 Charles Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle<\/em>
\n1840 \u00a0 Kew Gardens becomes the national botanical garden
\n1843 \u00a0 William Yarrell’s A History of British Birds<\/em><\/p>\n

\"(2.7)<\/a>
Industrial Revolution: Vulcan Iron Works, Bradford<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1848 \u00a0 Robinson Thwaites founds the Vulcan Iron Works, Bradford
\n1851 \u00a0 Sir Edwin Landseer paints Monarch of the Glen<\/em>
\n1854 \u00a0 Richard Owen and Waterhouse Hawkins display the Crystal Palace Dinosaurs
\n1859 \u00a0 Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species<\/em>
\nc. 1860 \u00a0 First commercially prepared dog food<\/p>\n

\"Henry<\/a>
Henry Bates: Naturalist on the River Amazons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1863 \u00a0 Henry Walter Bates’s The Naturalist on the River Amazons<\/em>
\n1864 \u00a0 The ironmaker Bolckow Vaughan of Middlesbrough is the largest company so far formed, with share capital of \u00a32.5 million
\n1869 \u00a0 Alfred Russel Wallace’s The Malay Archipelago<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Sea Birds Preservation Act<\/em>
\n1874 \u00a0 Thomas Hardy’s Far From the Madding Crowd<\/em>
\n1875 \u00a0 Frances Power Cobbe founds the Victoria Street Society (now the National Anti-Vivisection Society)
\n1876 \u00a0 William Morris prints his Snakeshead<\/em> textile pattern
\n1877 \u00a0 Anna Sewell’s Black Beauty<\/em>
\n1881 \u00a0 Alfred Waterhouse’s new Natural History Museum building opens in South Kensington
\n1885 \u00a0 The first conservation society, the Selborne Society for the Protection of Birds, Plants and Pleasant Places, is founded
\n1889 \u00a0 Emily Williamson founds the Society for the Protection of Birds (now the RSPB)
\n1895 \u00a0 Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Hardwicke Rawnsley found the National Trust
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 William Morris’s The Wood Beyond the World<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 British Balneological and Climatological Society is founded
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Louis Lumi\u00e8re’s film Pelicans, Lion, and Tigers at London Zoological Gardens<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Diefenbach<\/a>
Diefenbach and his communards at the Himmelhof, near Vienna, 1897-1899<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1897 \u00a0 Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach founds the Himmelhof<\/em> commune (near Vienna)
\n1900 \u00a0 First issue of Health and Efficiency magazine
\n1902 \u00a0 Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit<\/em>
\n1903 \u00a0 The Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire, (now Fauna & Flora International) is founded
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Lizzy Lind af Hageby and Nina Douglas-Hamilton found the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
\n1906 \u00a0 Henry Scherren’s Popular Natural History<\/em>
\n1907 \u00a0 National Trust Act<\/em>
\n”\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Robert Baden-Powell holds first Scout camp (on Brownsea Island)
\n1908 \u00a0 Small Holdings and Allotments Act<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows<\/em>
\n1910 \u00a0 G.E.M. Skues’s Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream<\/em> (fishing on the Itchen)
\n1912 \u00a0 Charles Rothschild founds the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves (now the Wildlife Trusts)
\n1913 \u00a0 The RHS holds the first Chelsea Flower Show
\n1917 \u00a0 D’Arcy Thompson’s On Growth and Form<\/em>
\n1927 \u00a0 Henry Williamson’s Tarka the Otter<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Edward Grey’s The Charm of Birds<\/em>
\n1932 \u00a0 Benny Rothman, Ewan MacColl and others lead the Kinder Mass Trespass
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Richard Hall’s The Art of Mountain Tramping<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Max Nicholson founds the British Trust for Ornithology<\/p>\n

\"3.13<\/a>
Open air swimming: Tooting Bec Lido (in winter)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1935 \u00a0 Edmonton Lido opens
\n1937 \u00a0 Frederick Warne publishes The Observer’s Book of British Birds<\/em>
\n1942 \u00a0 Ronald Lockley’s Shearwaters<\/em>
\n1943 \u00a0 David Lack’s Life of the Robin<\/em>
\n1945 \u00a0 Collins begins the New Naturalist<\/em> series with Butterflies<\/em> by E. B. Ford
\n1946 \u00a0 Peter Scott founds Severn Wildfowl Trust (now Wildfowl and Wetland Trust)
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 The Soil Association is founded
\n1949 \u00a0 National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act<\/em><\/p>\n

\"David<\/a>
David Attenborough and armadillo c 1953 (BBC)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1953 \u00a0 David Attenborough’s first natural history TV series, The Pattern of Animals<\/em>
\n1954 \u00a0 Peterson, Mountfort and Hollom’s Birds of Britain and Europe<\/em>
\n1955 \u00a0 W.G. Hoskins’s The Making of the English Landscape<\/em>
\n1956 \u00a0 Gerald Durrell’s My Family and Other Animals<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Glamorous<\/a>
Glamorous underwater photography: Lotte and Hans Hass<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hans and Lotte Haas’s Diving to Adventure<\/em> on BBC television
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Dodie Smith’s The Hundred and One Dalmatians<\/em>
\n1958 \u00a0 Armand and Michaela Denis’s On Safari<\/em> TV series
\n1960 \u00a0 RSPB membership reaches 10,000
\n1962 \u00a0 Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Findhorn<\/a>
Findhorn Garden: vegetables in the greenhouse at Cullerne House<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Peter and Eileen Caddy and Dorothy Maclean start the Findhorn Foundation
\n1965 \u00a0 The first British national trail, the Pennine Way, is completed
\n1966 \u00a0 James Hill’s film Born Free<\/em>, based on Joy Adamson’s book
\n1969 \u00a0 Ronald Blythe’s Akenfield<\/em>
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth are founded (in North America)
\n” \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Robin Hanbury-Tenison and others found Survival International
\n1971 \u00a0 Jane Goodall’s In the Shadow of Man<\/em>
\n1972 \u00a0 Richard Adams’s Watership Down
\n1973 \u00a0 Gerard Morgan-Grenville founds Centre for Alternative Technology
\n1976 \u00a0 John Seymour’s The Guide to Self-Sufficiency<\/em>
\n1979 \u00a0 First RSPB Big Garden Birdwatch
\n1982\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Culpeper Community Garden is founded in Islington
\n1997\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 RSPB membership reaches 1,000,000
\n1999\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty is founded
\n2000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Countryside and Rights of Way Act<\/em>
\n2004\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hunting Act<\/em>
\n2005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First BBC Springwatch<\/em> series
\n2006\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dave Goulson founds the Bumblebee Conservation Trust<\/a><\/p>\n

\"BBCT\"<\/a>
BBCT<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The English Love Affair with Nature (Back to Table of Contents) c. 350 BC \u00a0 Aristotle’s History of Animals c. 50-70 \u00a0 Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica c. 77-79 \u00a0 Pliny the Elder’s Natural History c. 615-630 \u00a0 Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae 12th century\u00a0\u00a0 Aberdeen Bestiary 1251 \u00a0 Matthew Paris’s Chronica Majora describes and illustrates Crossbill … Continue reading Timeline<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1908,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1917","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1917"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2678,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1917\/revisions\/2678"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1908"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obsessedbynature.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}