Tag Archives: Fungi

Giant polypore, Acton Green

This enormous wood-rotting (saprophytic) fungus, Meripilus giganteus, is a relatively soft bracket, and it grows very quickly. It is the fruiting body of the fungus; the rest of it consists of little feeding tubes (hyphae) in the dead wood of the treestump, which was a Hornbeam, a hardwood. The discs are attached to short stalks, and are concentrically patterned, with tiny scales over the top surface. The underside is a mass of holes or pores, hence the name; each one is the opening of a little tube where the spores grow. Millions of them fall out and blow away; presumably one or two will find a suitable treestump to grow on.

Fantastic Fungus Foray at Gunnersbury Triangle!

Alick Henrici telling a few of the GT group about Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria).

Boletus erythopus, a large brown mushroom and relative of the Cep, blue-staining when freshly cut. The colour is unprocessed , it really was that blue. Also called “Scarletina Bolete” and B. luridiformis.

All right, here you are. Amanita muscaria in all its glory

It was a beautifully sunny and warm late October day, and Alick was pessimistic. It had been far too dry for weeks and there would be very few fungi on the walk. But he admitted that children were very good at spotting mushrooms.

They were. We found 31 species,  more if you count the small Ascomycetes of the kinds whose fruiting bodies are little dots on rotting twigs.  Some indeed like the Fly Agaric and the Scarletina Bolete were large, colourful, and spectacular; others smaller and quieter, but often also beautiful, and all fascinating. None were stranger than Crepidotus mollis, the Peeling Oysterling, a bracket-shaped gill mushroom with a peeling cuticle, and an extraordinary jelly-like consistency revealed by gently stretching the cap, as shown in the photo.

Crepidotus mollis, a smooth thin cap with jelly-layer when stretched, found on path-edge log

Alick Henrici writes that he found four species new to the reserve during the Fungus Foray:

  1. Clitocybe phaeophthalma (aka C. hydrogramma); “nasty smell”
  2. Mycena crocata; “old specimen, unexpected but colours unmistakeable”
  3. Panellus stipticus; “a common late season species on wood”
  4. Pleurotus dryinus; “on Elder at post 6, not very common but often on this host”

Fungus Foray with Alick Henrici

Fungus Foray
Fungus Foray in Gunnersbury Triangle

Brittlestems, Psathyrella
Brittlestems, Psathyrella, cousins of the Inkcaps

Mycology from the Master
Mycology from the Master: Alick Henrici with a keen pupil

A rare Rhodocybe gemina, the first record for Gunnersbury Triangle
A rare Rhodocybe gemina, the first record for Gunnersbury Triangle

dscn8499-purple-swamp-brittlegill-russula-nitida-small
Purple Swamp Brittlegill, Russula nitida

dscn8497-mild-milkcap-lactarius-subdulcis-small
Mild Milkcap, Lactarius subdulcis. When scratched, Milkcaps exude a milky liquid (note the drops), with a taste that helps in diagnosis. This one is not peppery!

Earthball, Scleroderma - sometimes used to dilute costly Truffles, but toxic
Earthball, Scleroderma – sometimes used to dilute costly Truffles, but toxic

Turkeytail Bracket, Trametes versicolor
Turkeytail Bracket, Trametes versicolor

dscn8507-melanoleuca-polioleuca-small
Common Cavalier, Melanoleuca polioleuca

dscn8503-the-blusher-amanita-rubescens-small
The Blusher, Amanita rubescens – an edible member of a dangerous genus. Its pink ‘blush’ when damaged can be seen in small patches of the cap and on the broken stalk.

Apart from the fungi named in the image captions, we also saw plenty of the Deceiver (Laccaria laccata); Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethystina); assorted species of Fairy Bonnets (Mycena spp.); the Brown Rollrim (Paxillus involutus); Puffballs (Lycoperdon perlatum); and more. There was hardly any Birch Polypore – we often have fine big white brackets of them: just one small nodule, Piptoporus betulinus.

Alick Henrici on Fungus Foray
Alick Henrici on Fungus Foray

 

dscn8512-honey-fungus-armillaria-mellea-small
Dreaded by gardeners – Honey Fungus, Armillaria mellea

Inocybe geophylla var. lilacina
Lilac Fibrecap, Inocybe geophylla var. lilacina

Poisonous webcaps, Cortinarius
Webcaps, Cortinarius

An extremely tough bracket fungus
An extremely tough bracket fungus

Late Autumn: Fungi, Coppicing, Weaving a Fence

Raisa finishing woven fence with birch brash
Raisa finishing woven fence with birch brash

Brown Birch Bolete, Leccinum scabrum "Edible but worthless"
Brown Birch Bolete, Leccinum scabrum “Edible but worthless”

A delicate Ink Cap, Coprinus sp.

Marasmius sp
Marasmius sp

Candlesnuff or Stagshorn, Xylaria hypoxylon
Candlesnuff or Stagshorn, Xylaria hypoxylon

The Deceiver, Laccaria laccata
The Deceiver, Laccaria laccata

Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria (13 November)
Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria (13 November)

More Fungi at Gunnersbury Triangle (25 October 2015)  including Collared Earthstars

Fungi at Gunnersbury Triangle

Common Ink-Cap Coprinus atramentarius
Common Ink-Cap Coprinus atramentarius

Earthstar Geastrum
Earthstar Geastrum

This small handsome Earthstar appeared close to where we had a large Collared Earthstar (Geastrum triplex) last year. However this one as yet has no sign of a collar, so either it’s a baby or it’s another species. Will be interesting to see what happens. Right now my money’s on the baby theory.

Six Earthstars
Six Earthstars, 30 October

Well (a week later), they have stayed the same size and shape, only there are now as many as seven fruiting bodies within 30 cm of the original site.

Clouded Funnel Clitocybe nebularis
Clouded Funnel Clitocybe nebularis

Autumn Fungi, at last: Gunnersbury Triangle

Lepiota, a Dapperling
Lepiota hystrix, a Dapperling

Well, despite the extraordinary warmth of both September and October – I was still working in a T-shirt down at the Gunnersbury Triangle nature reserve today, anything more being too hot – the fungi have finally come out in earnest. This small speckly Dapperling seems to be Lepiota hystrix, a rare species.

Birch Log fungi
Birch Log fungi

Several fungi were on show on a pile of birch logs, including a large Birch Polypore and some elegant smaller Turkeytail brackets as well as Orange Curtain Crust.

Turkeytail, Trametes versicolor (aka Coriolis versicolor)
Turkeytail, Trametes (Coriolis) versicolor

These handsome Common Cavaliers were growing beside the path.

Common Cavalier Melanoleuca polioleuca (aka M. melaleuca)
Common Cavalier Melanoleuca polioleuca (aka M. melaleuca)

Many damp rotting sticks and stumps had Stagshorn or Candlesnuff fungus growing out of them, Xylaria hypoxylon. These were thin and stick-like early in November, well-developed by 20 November.

Stagshorn Fungus, Xylaria hypoxylon
Stagshorn Fungus, Xylaria hypoxylon, well developed

In the anthill meadow were plenty of puffballs, Lycoperdon perlatum. They certainly looked pearly, as their specific name suggests.

Handsome Common Puffballs, Lycoperdon perlatum
Good big Common Puffballs, Lycoperdon perlatum

In the picnic meadow was a tall slender yellow Inkcap, Coprinus auricomus.

Coprinus auricomus
The delicate, lemon-yellow Coprinus auricomus

A long-bodied wasp, surely a queen, was trapped in the surface film of the pond by the parish boundary stones. We rescued her with a stick to get a closer look.

Queen Wasp
Queen Wasp

Two days later: the weather has turned more autumnal and showery. More fungi have popped up, including quite a few Clouded Funnels, Clitocybe nebularis, behind the anthill meadow. The display of Puffballs is fine, the large clean specimens having an obviously grainy, almost pearly surface.

Clouded Funnel, Clitocybe nebularis
Clouded Funnel, Clitocybe nebularis

Some Sulphur Knights, Tricholoma sulphureum, have grown up behind the loggery at the base of the mound by the pond. They are deep orange-yellow,  quite thick-stemmed, with an flattened or dished cap and widely-spaced gills that barely touch the stem.

Sulphur Knight, Tricholoma sulphureum
Sulphur Knight, Tricholoma sulphureum

I found a broken Blusher mushroom, Amanita rubescens, in the anthill meadow. In this family of poisonous fungi, some deadly, it is edible when properly cooked, though the water it is cooked in must be thrown away.

The Blusher, Amanita rubescens (broken)
The Blusher, Amanita rubescens (broken)

And a single small Slippery Jack, a suitably slimy bolete. It was yellower than the photograph shows, the cap appearing a shining light brown, the pore surface underneath rather yellow.

Slippery Jack, Suillus luteus
Slippery Jack, Suillus luteus

By the 6th of November it was far colder, and there were fewer species on show, with Fly Agaric, Clouded Funnel, quite a few Butter Caps, and this small gelatinous fungus on dead willow, Tremella mesenterica. I also found a small fragment of an brown Amanita with a white stem, probably A. pantherina, the poisonous Panther Cap.

Yellow Brain, Tremella mesenterica
Yellow Brain, Tremella mesenterica

Butter Cap, Collybia butyracea
Butter Cap, Collybia butyracea

There were several Pale Brittlestem at the edge of the Anthill meadow under Birches, bordering the strip of acid grassland where the railway used to be.

Pale Brittlestem, Psathyrella candolleana
Pale Brittlestem, Psathyrella candolleana

By the 9th of November, things were visibly more autumnal; the Clouded Funnels were still about, now large and more clearly funnel-shaped; a few Butter Caps persisted, along with the Puffballs. The small fungus Phoma hedericola (‘hedera’=Ivy)was by now making large obvious spots on ivy leaves.

Phoma hedericola on ivy
The Ivy Spot fungus, Phoma hedericola

These little toadstools with a cream-coloured, slimy cap and whitish fleecy stems were growing out of a loggery, the dead wood half-buried in the soil. They may be the Sticky Scalycap, Pholiota gummosa.

? Sticky Scalycap Pholiota gummosa on 9 November

Sticky Scalycap, Pholiota gummosa on 19 November
Same group of ? Sticky Scalycap, Pholiota gummosa on 19 November

Finally, no collection of fungi is complete without The Deceiver, Laccaria laccata, which comes in a variety of sizes, shapes and colours. It’s typically rather russet-brownish and the stem is quite thin, often a bit flattened and twisted. The cap can be round or wrinkled; it begins rather globular and flattens out. It’s rather well-named. Mind you there are several similar species: this could easily be L. fraterna, given its smooth brown stalk and rather rufous cap.

The Deceiver Laccaria laccata
The Deceiver Laccaria laccata

Fungi are continuing to appear as late as the 11th of November. The magnificent Collared Earthstar, Geastrum triplex, was growing under birches, willows and oaks behind the anthill meadow.

Collared Earthstar Geastrum triplex
Collared Earthstar Geastrum triplex

On the 12th of November:

A yellow Russula, perhaps R. claroflava (Yellow Swamp Brittlegill)
A yellow Russula, perhaps R. claroflava (Yellow Swamp Brittlegill)

A Bonnet, Mycena sp.
A Bonnet, Mycena sp.

On 18th November, a troop of smallish, tall, pale Coprinus that don’t really turn to the usual black ink, growing on woodchip beside the path. Seems close to Coprinus impatiens.

Coprinus cf impatiens on woodchip
Coprinus cf impatiens on woodchip